The second law of thermodynamics underlies nearly everything. But is it inviolable?

Art of four eggs, from left to right, getting progressively more cracked. In the far right egg, it

In real life, laws are broken all the time. Besides your everyday criminals, there are scammers and fraudsters, politicians and mobsters, corporations and nations that regard laws as suggestions rather than restrictions. It’s not that way in physics. For centuries, physicists have been identifying laws of nature that are invariably unbreakable. Those laws govern matter, … Read more

A neutrino mass mismatch could shake cosmology’s foundations

Bright points are scattered in a weblike pattern over a dark background in a computer simulation of the cosmic web.

Extreme Climate Survey Science News is collecting reader questions about how to navigate our planet’s changing climate. What do you want to know about extreme heat and how it can lead to extreme weather events? The masses of neutrinos are less than a millionth that of the next lightest particle, the electron, but no one … Read more

The Large Hadron Collider exposes quarks’ quantum entanglement

An illustration shows two circles representing subatomic particles, linked by bright lines, on a background showing a particle detector.

Quantum entanglement has made its way to the top. Scientists have measured the strange quantum phenomenon of entanglement in top quarks, the heaviest fundamental subatomic particles known. It’s the first detection of entanglement between pairs of quarks — a class of subatomic particles that make up larger particles, including protons and neutrons. Particles that are … Read more

A quantum computer corrected its own errors, improving its calculations 

A rainbow-hued quantum computing processor

For the first time, a quantum computer has improved its results by repeatedly fixing its own mistakes midcalculation with a technique called quantum error correction. Scientists have long known that quantum computers need error correction to meet their potential to solve problems that stump standard, “classical” computers (SN: 6/22/20). Quantum computers calculate with quantum bits, or qubits, which … Read more